In this paper, we review and compare three promising coding solutions to achieve that, which are suitable for future very high-throughput, low-complexity optical communications. With the development of optical fiber communication based on Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH), network communication and network data processing become increasingly prominent, which brings serious challenges to network management. Since the outset of forward error correction (FEC) for fiber-optic communications, research has intensively pursued the. - Expectation for Future Long-Distance High-Capacity Optical Communication Infrastructure - Achieved using a newly developed standard 19-core optical fiber, equivalent to 19 standard fibers, low loss across multiple wavelength bands, and the development of an optical amplification relay function. To address this, Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Since the very beginning of the SDM R&D, we have continuously contributed both to revealing the behavior and. This Special Issue, entitled “Optical Fiber Communication: Challenges and Opportunities”, is dedicated to showcasing the latest explorations and advancements in this research field. We are pleased to invite you to submit your latest research findings to this Special Issue, which welcomes both.